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Here's how an automotive heat, ventilation and air conditioning system works.

The HVAC system in a car is situated under the dashboard and controls the heat and cooling systems, as well as the defroster.

The AC system consists of the compressor, condenser, drier, evaporator core and expansion valve, the latter two of which are under the dash and are demonstrated in this video.

The heating system consists of the engine, water pump, and a heater core, which is under the dash.

The blower motor, usually situated behind the glove box will blow air from outside or recirculate air from inside the cabin. Air flows past the evaporator core where it is cooled, before heading to the HVAC mixer.

The mixer determines if the air is to be heated or left cold. It also directs air to your face, feet or the defroster. This is done by mechanical flaps inside the housing.

This video goes into details of the thermostatic expansion valve, evaporator core, recirculate actuator, blower motor, temperature sensor, blower resistor, flap actuators and the heater core.

Dashboard removal is necessary in order to access any of these components.

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