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Here’s what’s inside a Volkswagen Diesel engine and how it works!

In this video, Volkswagen turbo diesel BRM engine from a 2006 Jetta TDI with 295,000km on it is torn down. Diesel engines have some major differences in operation and composition than gasoline engines. They are the most thermally efficient engine, despite the controversy surrounding its emissions. Diesel engines provide a lot of torque, which is why it is found in many heavier duty applications besides VW/Audi passenger cars.

Diesel engines vary in operation from gasoline engines in that their combustion is controlled by compression, rather than ignition. Air is compressed as the piston moves up within the cylinder and then fuel is injected near the top. The resulting high pressure and temperature causes the fuel to atomize and combust, without the need for an ignition source, such as a spark plug. Glow plugs are used only when the air temperature is very cold to help start the engine. The resulting combustion is uncontrolled and pushes the piston down, creating work to rotate the crankshaft. Piston heads have a small crater in the top to allow the fuel to be directly injected when the piston is at top center.

The amount of combustion and thus engine speed is controlled by how much fuel is injected into the cylinder, as opposed to a gasoline engine which uses a throttle body to control the amount of air. Thus, diesel engines benefit from a higher compression and by running lean using a turbocharger to force more air into the combustion chamber, and don’t need a throttle body during regular operation.

Skip to section in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:11 Teardown
10:10 Analysis
12:37 Diesel vs Gasoline Engines
15:08 Conclusion

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