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Here’s an in-depth look inside a Toyota Hybrid electronic continuously variable transmission and how it works!

A hybrid transmission is continuously variable since it does not have fixed gear ratios like a typical automatic or manual transmission. It can infinitely vary the ratio by varying its input speeds going through the power split device. It consists of two electric motors (MG1 and MG2) and input coming from an internal combustion engine. These three power sources use a planetary gear set (power split device) to connect the three of them together. Additional components include temperature and speed sensors, as well as a chain drive countershaft, parking pawl mechanism, cooling circuit, an oil pump and the final drive, all housed within the transmission casing.

The transmission’s motor-generator #1 (MG1) is primarily used as an alternator (power generation from the internal combustion engine (ICE) as well as a starter for the ICE and is the smaller of the two motors. Motor- generator #1 (MG2) is directly related to the wheel speed, and is used to propel the vehicle in electric only mode, as well as add torque to assist the internal combustion engine during acceleration. It also provides regenerative braking to recharge the hybrid battery. Together, the three power components can vary their speeds (The ICE is controlled by the ECU, and MG1 and MG2 is controlled by the hybrid inverter) to achieve an efficient output to turn the wheels.

Part 1 of this video series covered the electronic components of the Toyota Prius hybrid system, including the hybrid battery, power inverter, cooling circuit and DC to DC converter. It can be found here:


Learn how the Honda IMA mild hybrid system works with this video here:


Here's how car electronics work:


Prius 500,000km internal combustion 1NZ-FE engine teardown:


Prius Engine removal:


Prius Electric Steering system:


Skip to section in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:55 Teardown
4:23 Component Analysis
6:28 Motor-Generator 1
9:17 Transmission casing
10:19 Motor-Generator 2
11:59 Power-Split Device & Gear Ratios
20:48 Conclusion

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