
A combination of our growing population, social progress and the drive for clean energy technologies are increasing demand for minerals and metals. By 2040, it is estimated that there could be a 20-fold increase in demand for nickel and cobalt to meet the needs of an increasingly electrified world, and total copper demand is expected to double from 2020 to 2050. In order to meet this demand, we need to embrace a circular economy which involves increasing material productivity, eliminating waste and regenerating nature.