How a Steering Column Works

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Here’s how a steering column works on your car. The steering column links the driver’s input from the steering wheel to the steering rack but carries many other responsibilities within the automobile’s ecosystem. The steering column contains the steering wheel, airbag, turn signal and wiper switches, clock-spring, steering shaft, tilt mechanism, universal steering joint and ignition switch. In this video, a steering column from an Infiniti G35 sedan was torn down completely to see what’s inside and how it works.



The tilt mechanism works by changing the relative angle between the column mount point under the dash and the column itself. The column contains a collapsible section that retracts with the force of a collision preventing chest injuries to the driver. The ignition switch contains the electrical switch at its furthest most point (which powers the starter motor), and a tumbler key mechanism at the front, with an inductive ring to pickup the immobilizer chipped key code. The turn signal switches contain many contacts with various springs and a turn signal cancellation tongue. Finally, the clock spring allows the rotation of wires about the steering wheel without tangling them.



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