In 1957, the Space Race had just kicked off, and the United States was already losing to the Soviet Union. The Soviets were ahead with three major firsts: the first intercontinental ballistic missile, the first satellite, and the first mammal in orbit.
In an attempt to get at least one accomplishment on the books in the same year, the US launched their first satellite, the Vanguard TV-3.
And it went horrifically wrong.