The Complete History of Italy 🇮🇹

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The history of Italy covers the ancient period, the Middle Ages and the modern era. Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such as the Latins, Samnites and Umbrians), Celts, Greek Colonists and other ancient peoples have inhabited the Italian Peninsula. In antiquity, Italy was the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the Roman Empire. Rome was founded as a Kingdom in 753 BC and became a republic in 509 BC, when the monarchy was overthrown in favor of a government of the Senate and the People. The Roman Republic then unified Italy at the expense of the Etruscans, Celts, and Greek Colonists of the peninsula. Rome led the federation of the Italic peoples, and later, with the Rise of Rome, dominated Western Europe, Northern Africa, and the Near East. The Roman Republic saw its fall after the assassination of Julius Caesar. The Roman Empire later dominated Western Europe and the Mediterranean for many centuries, making immeasurable contributions to the development of Western philosophy, science and art. After the fall of Rome in AD 476, Italy was fragmented in numerous city-states and regional polities, and, despite seeing famous personalities from its territory and closely related ones (such as Dante Alighieri, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Niccolò Machiavelli, Galileo Galilei or even Napoleon Bonaparte) rise, it remained politically divided to a large extent. The maritime republics, in particular Venice and Genoa, rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce, and banking, acting as Europe's main port of entry for Asian and Near Eastern imported goods and laying the groundwork for capitalism. Central Italy remained under the Papal States, while the southern part remained largely feudal due to a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Spanish, and Bourbon crowns. The Italian Renaissance spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, and art with the start of the modern era. Italian explorers (including Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci) discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the Age of Discovery, although the Italian states had no occasions to found colonial empires outside of the Mediterranean Basin. By the mid-19th century, the Italian unification (led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, backed by the Kingdom of Sardinia) led to the establishment of an Italian nation-state. The new Kingdom of Italy, established in 1861, quickly modernized and built a colonial empire, controlling parts of Africa, and countries along the Mediterranean. However, the southern Italy remained rural and poor, originating the Italian diaspora.

0:00:00 - intro
0:00:12 - Summary
0:01:02 - Prehistory
0:02:12 - Nuragic civilization
0:02:42 - Iron Age
0:02:52 - Etruscan civilization
0:04:08 - Italic peoples
0:05:14 - Magna Graecia
0:06:13 - Roman Kingdom
0:06:58 - Roman Republic
0:08:39 - Roman Empire
0:10:10 - Middle Ages
0:10:57 - Renaissance
0:11:40 - Literature, philosophy and science
0:12:40 - Architecture, sculpture and painting
0:13:01 - Age of Discovery
0:13:56 - Incessant warfare
0:14:10 - The Italian Wars
0:14:50 - From the Counter-Reformation to Napoleon
0:14:59 - The 17th century
0:15:57 - The 18th century
0:16:29 - The Age of Napoleon
0:18:48 - Unification (1814–1861)
0:21:07 - Southern Question
0:21:58 - Liberal Italy (1861–1922)
0:22:52 - Depretis
0:23:16 - Crispi and Giolitti
0:24:53 - Italy in World War I
0:26:11 - Rise of Fascism into power
0:27:38 - Religion
0:28:16 - Foreign politics
0:29:27 - World War II and the fall of Fascism
0:30:55 - Civil War, Allied advance and Liberation
0:31:47 - Kingdom of Italy joins Allied Powers
0:32:21 - Birth of the Republic
0:33:13 - Marshall Plan aid from the United States
0:34:02 - The economic miracle
0:34:46 - The Years of Lead
0:35:30 - Recent years (1992–present)
0:36:38 - outro

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