Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

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A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening emergency in which the wall of the aorta weakens and bursts, causing severe internal bleeding. The abdominal aorta is the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lower body. When an aneurysm—a bulging or dilation of the aortic wall—ruptures, it can lead to rapid blood loss and shock, requiring immediate medical intervention.

Causes & Risk Factors:
AAA rupture occurs due to progressive weakening of the aortic wall. Common risk factors include:
✅ Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in arteries)
✅ Hypertension (high blood pressure)
✅ Smoking (a major risk factor)
✅ Genetic predisposition (family history of AAA)
✅ Age over 65 (more common in older adults)
✅ Male gender (men have a higher risk than women)
✅ Connective tissue disorders (Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)

Symptoms of a Ruptured AAA:
⚠️ Sudden, severe abdominal or back pain (tearing sensation)
⚠️ Dizziness or fainting (due to blood loss)
⚠️ Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
⚠️ Sweating and clamminess
⚠️ Low blood pressure (hypotension)
⚠️ Pulsating mass in the abdomen

A ruptured AAA can lead to shock and death within minutes if untreated.

Diagnosis:
🔍 CT Scan (Computed Tomography) – Gold standard for detecting ruptured AAA
🔍 Ultrasound – Quick bedside evaluation
🔍 MRI and Angiography – Used for detailed imaging if time allows
🔍 Blood Tests – Assess internal bleeding and organ function

Treatment & Emergency Surgery:
🚑 Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR): A minimally invasive procedure using a stent graft to seal the rupture.
🚑 Open Surgical Repair: A major operation where the damaged section of the aorta is replaced with a synthetic graft.
🚑 Blood Transfusion & Critical Care: To stabilize blood pressure and prevent multi-organ failure.

Survival Rate & Prognosis:
🩸 50-80% mortality rate if untreated before hospital arrival.
🩸 30-40% survival rate even with emergency surgery.
🩸 Early detection of AAA through screening improves outcomes significantly.

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAA rupture symptoms,
Aortic aneurysm emergency,
Causes of abdominal aortic aneurysm,
AAA rupture survival rate,
Aortic aneurysm diagnosis and treatment,
Emergency surgery for AAA,
Signs of a ruptured aortic aneurysm,
Abdominal aneurysm pain.