Zener Diode: - Zener Diode as Voltage Regulator in electric circuit

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Zener Diode is the simplest types of voltage regulator and the point at which a zener diode breaks down or conducts is called the “Zener Voltage” ( Vz ). I-V characteristics of zener diode make it suitable for application such as a voltage regulator. Zener diode is parallel with a variable load resistance R.

How does Zener Diod work as voltage regulator - Zener diode is like a general-purpose signal diode consisting of a silicon PN junction. When biased in the forward direction (forward biased) it behaves just like a normal signal diode passing the rated current, but as soon as a reverse voltage applied across the zener diode exceeds the rated voltage of the device, the diodes breakdown voltage is reached at which point a process called Avalanche Breakdown occurs in the semiconductor depletion layer and a current starts to flow through the diode to limit this increase in voltage.
The current now flowing through the zener diode increases dramatically to the maximum circuit value (which is usually limited by a series resistor) and once achieved this reverse saturation current remains fairly constant over a wide range of applied voltages. The voltage point at which the voltage across the zener diode becomes stable is called the “zener voltage” for zener diodes this voltage can range from less than one volt to hundreds of volts.
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Create: Sasho Bozhinoski
Hrvoje Čočić
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