How Did Russia and Iran Become Allies?

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On 17 January 2025, Russia and Iran solidified their growing ties by signing a 20-year Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty in Moscow. This agreement, covering areas such as trade, military cooperation, and infrastructure development, underscores their shared push for deeper collaboration. From joint military exercises to building alternative economic systems, the two nations are working to bypass Western dominance. However, the pact stops short of a mutual defence agreement, highlighting their cautious approach to full-scale military commitments. This development comes as Russia, isolated due to its 2022 invasion of Ukraine, strengthens ties with Iran, now a key supplier of drones for the ongoing conflict. Meanwhile, Iran benefits from advanced Russian technology, further cementing their partnership in the evolving geopolitical landscape.

Tracing back centuries, Russia and Iran have had a complex history shaped by wars, imperial rivalries, and ideological differences. Despite past hostilities, pivotal events such as the Syrian Civil War and Western sanctions on both nations have brought them closer. This treaty reflects a dramatic shift in their historically fraught relationship, marking a milestone in a partnership built on necessity, shared interests, and opposition to Western influence. Yet, the absence of a formal alliance raises questions: How far are these two powers willing to go for each other?

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*VIDEO CHAPTERS*
00:00 Introduction and Titles
02:01 Russia and Iran: Close Neighbours
02:25 The Early History of Russia-Iran Relations
03:51 The First World War and Soviet-Iranian Relations
05:20 Iran-Soviet Relations and the Start of the Cold War
06:37 The Iranian Revolution and the End of the Cold War
07:52 Iranian-Russian Relations after the Cold War
11:19 What does the Russia-Iran Strategic Partnership really mean?

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