During the premenstrual phase, oestrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate. These hormonal changes can influence the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, including serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that helps regulate mood. When oestrogen levels drop and progesterone levels rise, it can lead to alterations in serotonin levels, which can impact mood and anxiety symptoms.
Changes in oestrogen and progesterone levels can also impact the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) system, which is involved in calming the brain and reducing anxiety. Fluctuations in these hormones can result in reduced GABA activity, contributing to increased anxiety symptoms.
Disruptions in sleep patterns, which can also occur during the premenstrual phase, may also contribute to increased anxiety.
There are lots of things you can try to calm premenstrual anxiety. First, take care of yourself by doing things that help you relax and reduce stress, like taking warm baths, practicing deep breathing, or meditating. Exercise, such as walking or yoga, can also make you feel less anxious and improve your mood. Try to avoid or cut down on caffeine, alcohol, and sugary foods because they can make anxiety worse. It can also help to use techniques like mindfulness, relaxation exercises, or writing in a journal to manage stress. Try to get enough sleep by sticking to a regular sleep schedule and having a longer time to wind down with relaxing activities before bed.