Second Law of Thermodynamics - Heat Energy, Entropy & Spontaneous Processes

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This physics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the second law of thermodynamics. It explains why heat flows from a hot object to a cold object. The second law of thermodynamics states that the change in entropy of a natural process is always a positive. For an ideal reversible process, the entropy change is equal to or greater than zero.

Open Vs Closed Vs Isolated System:


First Law of Thermodynamics:


Isobaric Process:


Isochoric Process:


Isothermal Process:


Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas:


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Adiabatic Process:


PV Diagrams:


Thermodynamics Review:


Heat Engines:


Converting Heat Into Electricity:


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Carnot Cycle:


Otto Cycle:


Refrigerators and Heat Pumps:


Entropy:


Heat Engines and Refrigerators Review:


Physics PDF Worksheets: