Indian thought is generally divided into Orthodox and heterodox schools. Unlike Buddhists, Jains, and materialists, who represent heterodoxy, Orthodox Hindu thinkers recognize the absolute authority of the Vedas while differing in their interpretation of their meaning. Scholars distinguish six traditional systems of Orthodox Hindu thought. Shankara and Ramanuja's philosophies belong to one of them, Vedanta, a philosophical school that is now the best known in the West.
The term "Vedanta" literally means "end of Vedas," that is, the Upanishads. The school's representatives postulate the authority of the Upanishads in addition to the Vedas and are preoccupied with explaining the relation between the self/atman and absolute reality/brahman.
They base their doctrines on the texts known as Vedanta Sutras, an earlier systematization of the teachings exposed in the Upanishads. Vedantins are also divided into several competing schools – Madhva representing Dvaita Vedanta, while Shankara (c. 700 – c. 750 CE) and Ramanuja (1077 – c. 1157 CE) belong to its Advaita version.
In my video presentation, I will compare the philosophies of Shankara and Ramanuja and discuss their respective positions on the relationship between God and the world, scriptural authority, and the problem of identity.
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