Here's how an ignition coil works on car to fire the spark plug in the combustion chamber. Most modern vehicles use a coil-over-plug ignition design so the computer can individually program them to maximize efficiency or power.
Spark plugs fire inside the ignition coil to ignite fuel and burn the mixture, pushing the piston down to turn the crank shaft. To fire the spark plug, a rapid high voltage is required for reliable clean combustion. The ignition coil is responsible for increasing the voltage from the car's 12V power system to the thousands of volts needed to fire a spark plug.
The ignition coil is essentially a step up transformer, taking a smaller primary winding wrapped around a more dense secondary coil winding and an iron core. When the circuit switch is opened, the change in the electromagnetic field causes a huge voltage spike that fires across the spark plug tip.
In this video, an ignition coil from a 2001 Toyota Corolla is cut open to show the various layers and components inside, including the shielding, primary and secondary coil windings, insulators as well as the iron core.
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