The History of Hunger in the United States

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Hunger in the United States of America affects millions of Americans, including some who are middle class, or who are in households where all adults are in work. The United States produces far more food than it needs for domestic consumption—hunger within the U.S. is caused by some Americans having insufficient money to buy food for themselves or their families. Additional causes of hunger and food insecurity include neighborhood deprivation and agricultural policy. Hunger is addressed by a mix of public and private food aid provision. Public interventions include changes to agricultural policy, the construction of supermarkets in underserved neighborhoods, investment in transportation infrastructure, and the development of community gardens. Private aid is provided by food pantries, soup kitchens, food banks, and food rescue organizations. Historically, the U.S. was a world leader in reducing hunger both domestically and internationally. In the later half of the twentieth century, other advanced economies in Europe and Asia began to overtake the U.S. in terms of reducing hunger among their own populations. In 2011, a report presented in the New York Times found that among 20 economies recognized as advanced by the International Monetary Fund and for which comparative rankings for food security were available, the U.S. was joint worst. Nonetheless, in March 2013, the Global Food Security Index commissioned by DuPont, ranked the U.S. number one for food affordability and overall food security. In 2018, about 11.1% of American households were food insecure. Surveys have consistently found much higher levels of food insecurity for students, with a 2019 study finding that over 40% of US undergraduate students experienced food insecurity. Indicators suggested the prevalence of food insecurity for US households approximately doubled during the COVID-19 pandemic, with an especially sharp rise for households with young children. The Human Rights Measurement Initiative finds that the US is achieving 87.6% of what should be possible at their income level for fulfilling the right to food.

0:00:00 - intro
0:00:14 - Summary
0:01:03 - Food insecurity
0:01:48 - Hunger vs. food insecurity
0:02:16 - Rural and urban communities
0:02:52 - Food deserts
0:03:51 - Regions and states
0:03:58 - Demographics
0:04:29 - Children
0:04:51 - College students
0:05:18 - Elderly
0:06:04 - Gender
0:06:11 - Race and ethnicity
0:06:42 - Black
0:07:05 - Hispanic/Latino
0:07:56 - Native American
0:08:38 - Undocumented immigrants
0:09:36 - Health consequences
0:09:46 - Early development
0:10:33 - Mental health and academic performance
0:10:52 - Senior health
0:11:14 - Pregnancy
0:11:40 - Causes
0:12:00 - Hunger and poverty
0:13:15 - Food deserts
0:14:02 - Transportation
0:14:20 - Housing and neighborhood deprivation
0:14:51 - Agricultural policy
0:15:30 - No right to food for US citizens
0:16:48 - Unemployment
0:17:24 - Racial and gender disparities
0:18:00 - Children and school meal programs
0:18:47 - Public sector hunger relief
0:19:25 - Agricultural policy
0:20:28 - Supermarket construction
0:21:01 - Transportation infrastructure
0:21:14 - Community gardens
0:21:51 - Private sector hunger relief
0:23:43 - Food Justice
0:23:49 - Pre-19th century
0:24:20 - 19th century
0:25:24 - 20th century
0:27:43 - 21st century
0:28:31 - outro

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