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Description:
Why wasn’t Portugal ever conquered by Spain, even though it was smaller and less powerful?
The answer lies in centuries of strategic alliances, strong national identity, and shifting global priorities. Portugal, established as a kingdom in 1128, predates Spain by over 300 years. While Spain emerged from the unification of Castile and Aragon in 1479, Portugal was already making waves on the global stage.
Through the centuries, Spain tried—most notably in 1762 and again in 1807 with France—to bring Portugal under its control. But thanks to Portugal’s longstanding alliance with Britain, and its own resilience, it always bounced back.
By the 19th century, both nations turned their eyes outward—to the riches of their overseas empires. And in the 20th century, any thought of invasion simply wasn’t worth the cost.
This is the story of how Portugal kept its independence, defied its larger neighbor, and carved its own unique path in history.
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Transcript:
Why wasn’t Portugal conquered by Spain !?
Although much smaller than Spain, Portugal is actually the older country between the two. It emerged as a kingdom in 1128 as part of the Reconquista, a series of battles by Christian states to expel the Muslims from the Iberian peninsula. Spain was found in 1479, when the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon united.
During the European wars of 18th century the two countries found themselves on opposite sides, Portuguese being aligned with Britain, and Spain with France. In 1762, Spain launched an unsuccessful attack on Portugal. A second attempt of Spain was in 1807, when together with France, they managed to successfully invade Portugal, but in the end France decided to take over both countries.
Portugal and Spain united in order to escape the French domination which they finally did, with the help of British Army, in 1814.
Starting with the 19th century, the two countries realized that the most of their wealth is coming from abroad and shifted their focus from their European lands to their overseas possessions and defending of their trade routes.
In the 20th century, the idea of invading Portugal was still alive, but the benefits of an invasion were never worth the effort for Spain.
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Special thanks to MapTiler / OpenStreetMap Contributors and GEOlayers 3
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Music:
Retro Dreamscape from Twin Musicom licenced under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
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