Why Do Horses Get White Marks Like This?

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Freeze branding is a livestock identification technique that utilizes extreme cold rather than heat to alter hair pigmentation. In this method, a metal branding iron is cooled using liquid nitrogen or dry ice and then applied to the animal’s shaved skin. Unlike traditional hot branding, freeze branding does not burn the tissue. Instead, it selectively damages melanocytes - the pigment-producing cells located in the skin. When these cells are destroyed, they lose their ability to generate melanin, resulting in hair that grows back white in the branded area. This creates a lasting, high-contrast mark that is particularly effective on dark-coated animals. Freeze branding is considered to be less painful and more humane than hot branding, and is widely used in equine and bovine management for permanent identification.

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