A Baker’s cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that develops in the back of the knee. It is often caused by an underlying condition that leads to excess fluid production in the knee joint, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or a meniscal tear. This buildup of fluid increases pressure, causing it to protrude into the popliteal space (the area behind the knee).Common symptoms of a Baker’s cyst include:
• A noticeable lump or swelling behind the knee.
• Tightness or stiffness in the knee.
• Pain, particularly when bending or extending the knee or during physical activity.
In some cases, the cyst may not cause symptoms and is discovered incidentally during imaging for another issue.
While Baker’s cysts are typically benign, they can rupture in rare cases, causing the fluid to leak into the calf, leading to pain, swelling, and redness that can mimic a blood clot (deep vein thrombosis).
Treatment for a Baker’s cyst focuses on managing the underlying cause and relieving symptoms. Options include:
• Non-surgical approaches: Rest, ice, anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy can help reduce swelling and improve mobility.
• Aspiration: A doctor may drain the excess fluid from the cyst with a needle to provide temporary relief.
• Corticosteroid injections: These may reduce inflammation in the knee joint, decreasing fluid production.
If the cyst persists or is associated with significant discomfort and an underlying structural issue, such as a meniscal tear, surgery to address the root cause may be recommended.
Most Baker’s cysts resolve with proper treatment, but recurrence is possible if the underlying condition remains untreated. Early intervention can help alleviate symptoms and improve joint health.
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