Black Elk Speaks__chapter two__RARE BOOK

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CHAPTER TWO.
RARE BOOK.

Shaman of the Lakota Oglala tribe (South Dakota, USA) Black Elk - will tell about the traditions and the spiritual world of his people.
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The famous life story of the Lakota healer and visionary, Nicholas Black Elk.

Widely hailed as a spiritual classic, this inspirational and unfailingly powerful story reveals the life and visions of the Lakota healer Nicholas Black Elk (1863–1950) and the tragic history of his Sioux people during the epic closing decades of the Old West. In 1930, the aging Black Elk met a kindred spirit, the famed poet, writer, and critic John G. Neihardt (1881–1973) on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. The Lakota elder chose Neihardt to share his visions and life with the world. Neihardt understood and today Black Elk is known to all.

Black Elk’s remarkable great vision came to him during a time of decimation and loss, when outsiders were stealing the Lakotas’ land, slaughtering buffalo, and threatening their age-old way of life. As Black Elk remembers all too well, the Lakotas, led by such legendary men as Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, fought unceasingly for their freedom, winning a world-renowned victory at the Little Bighorn and suffering unspeakable losses at Wounded Knee.


Black Elk Speaks however is more than the epic history of a valiant Native nation. It is beloved as a spiritual classic because of John Neihardt’s sensitivity to Black Elk’s resounding vision of the wholeness of earth, her creatures, and all of humanity. Black Elk Speaks is a once-in-a-lifetime read: the moving story of a young Lakota boy before the reservation years, the unforgettable history of an American Indian nation, and an enduring spiritual message for us all.
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EXPLANATION:

1) LAKOTA.
Lakhóta ‘Allies’ is the self-designation of the Western Sioux; they comprise seven tribes: the Oglála,
Brule (Sichágu), Minneconjou (Mnikhówo žu), Hunkpapa (Húkpapha), Two Kettles (Oóhenųpa), No
Bows (Itázipchola), and Blackfoot Sioux (Sihásapa).
2) PAWNEE.
Pawnee, a tribe belonging to the Caddo language family, was constantly at odds with Oglala in the 19th century. They led a semi-sedentary lifestyle in the area of the Platte River (State of Nebraska).
3) BATTLE "One hundred killed".
The Fetterman Fight, commonly described as a “massacre.”
Battle "One Hundred Killed" - a battle on December 21, 1866 between American troops and Indians, during which Captain W. Fetterman's squad (81 people) was destroyed, following a Cheyenne prophecy that the Indians would kill one hundred soldiers.
4) WASICHU.
Wasichu - literally translated from the Sioux language means "greedy", "greedy" was the name of the Oglala of the white colonizers. A term used to designate the white man, but having no reference to the color of his skin. The historical record shows that when Lakotas first met white people they called them wašícu ‘spirits.’ A common folk etymology claims that wašíču originates from wašíŋ ičú "he takes fat" and this is used by natives in puns to refer to non-Natives who collectively rob tribes of their resources.
5) SHYELA.
Shyela - Cheyennes.
The Cheyenne ( shy-AN) are one of the indigenous people of the Great Plains whose language is of the Algonquian language family. The Cheyenne comprise two Native American tribes, the Só'taeo'o or Só'taétaneo'o (more commonly spelled as Suhtai or Sutaio) and the Tsétsêhéstâhese (also spelled Tsitsistas, [t͡sɪt͡shɪstʰɑs][3]). These tribes merged in the early 19th century.
At the time of their first contact with the Europeans, the Cheyenne were living in the area of what is now Minnesota. They were close allies of the Arapaho and loosely aligned with the Lakota.
6) BLUE CLOUDS.
Blue Clouds - Arapahoes.
Are a people of Native Americans historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming. They were close allies of the Cheyenne tribe and loosely aligned with the Lakota and Dakota.
The Lakota and Assiniboine referred to them as Maȟpíya thó ("Blue Sky People").
The Pawnee, Caddo,Wichita,Comanche,Ute and other tribes also referred to them with names signifying "dog-eaters".
6) LOG TOWN.
Log town on the Piney River - Fort Phil Kearney.
7) BATTLE "Assault on the vans".
The Battle of the Wagons was fought six miles west of Fort Phil Kearney on August 2, 1867.
8) NEW GUNS.
The new rear-loading rifles are the Springfield carbines.