The Complete History of Portugal 🇵🇹

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The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by Homo heidelbergensis. The oldest human fossil is the skull discovered in the Cave of Aroeira in Almonda. Later Neanderthals roamed the northern Iberian Peninsula. Homo sapiens arrived in Portugal around 35,000 years ago. Pre-Celtic tribes such as Lusitanians, Turduli and Oestriminis lived in the centre and north. The Cynetes, which lived in the south before the 6th century BC, developed the city of Tartessos and the written Tartessian language, and left many stelae throughout their territory. Early in the first millennium BC, waves of Celts from Central Europe invaded and intermarried with the local populations to form several ethnic groups and many tribes. Their presence is traceable, in broad outline, through archaeological and linguistic evidence. They dominated the northern and central area, while the south retained much of its Tartessian character, combined with the Celtici until the Roman conquest. Some small, semi-permanent trading settlements were founded by Phoenician-Carthaginians on the southern coast of the Algarve. The Roman invasion in the 3rd century BC lasted several centuries, and developed the Roman provinces of Lusitania in the south and Gallaecia in the north. As elsewhere in Western Europe, there was a sharp decline in urban life during the Dark Ages following the fall of Rome. Germanic tribes (that the Romans referred to as Barbarians) controlled the territory between the 5th and 8th centuries. These included the Kingdom of the Suebi centred in Braga and the Visigothic Kingdom in the south. Eventually the Visigoths seized power in the whole of Iberia. Under the Visigoths a new class emerged, a nobility, which played a tremendous social and political role during the Middle Ages, and also began to play a very important part within the state, but since the Visigoths did not know Latin, the Catholic bishops continued the Roman system of governance.

0:00:00 - intro
0:00:13 - Summary
0:02:45 - Etymology
0:03:44 - Prehistory
0:04:06 - Ancient history
0:04:34 - Romanization
0:05:58 - Germanic invasions
0:06:34 - Al Andalus (711–868)
0:07:34 - Reconquista
0:08:14 - Creation of the Country of Portugal
0:09:44 - Foundation of the Kingdom of Portugal
0:10:04 - Affirmation of Portugal
0:10:15 - Naval exploration and Portuguese Empire (15th–16th centuries)
0:12:18 - Discovery of the sea route to India and the Treaty of Tordesillas
0:13:33 - Portuguese Empire
0:14:40 - 1580 succession crisis, Iberian Union and decline of the Empire
0:16:16 - Decline of the Portuguese Empire under the Philippine Dynasty
0:16:44 - Portuguese Restoration War (1640–1668)
0:17:34 - Pombaline era
0:19:32 - Portuguese-led invasion of Spain in 1707
0:19:52 - The Ghost War
0:20:18 - Crises of the nineteenth century
0:21:35 - The First Republic (1910–1926)
0:21:47 - Religion
0:23:13 - Constitution
0:24:20 - Political instability
0:26:21 - Evaluation of the republican experiment
0:27:37 - 28 May 1926 coup d'état
0:28:11 - Salazar dictatorship
0:28:42 - World War II
0:29:04 - Colonies
0:29:55 - Politics
0:30:18 - Violent decolonisation
0:31:46 - Socio-economic evolution
0:35:04 - outro

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