Volcanic eruptions occur through several key mechanisms:1. Plate Tectonics
- Volcanic islands often form at plate boundaries
- Magma rises through cracks in Earth's crust
- Subduction zones frequently create island volcanoes
2. Eruption Process
- Magma builds pressure underground
- Pressure increases until it overcomes rock resistance
- Magma forces its way to surface through volcanic vents
- Eruption can be explosive or effusive depending on magma composition
3. Types of Eruptions
- Explosive: High-viscosity magma, more common in oceanic islands
- Effusive: Low-viscosity magma, creates lava flows
- Can produce pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, and lava streams
Factors like magma composition, pressure, and tectonic activity determine the specific eruption characteristics.
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