What is ISO — Camera ISO and the Exposure Triangle Explained [Ep 2]

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"What is Aperture" Video ►►

00:00 The Exposure Triangle
00:51 What is ISO?
01:31 ISO Meaning and Examples
02:36 Shooting in the Dark
04:21 Noise & Grain (High ISO)
05:05 Dynamic Range & Native ISO
06:04 Adding Texture with Grain
06:38 Film Grain vs Digital Noise
08:15 Final Takeaways

What is ISO? Camera ISO is just one of three camera settings that make up the exposure triangle. In photography and cinematography, the exposure triangle is how image makers can adjust to any lighting scenario. In this episode of our aperture, shutter speed and ISO tutorial series, we look at camera ISO and its essential role in exposure. This is ISO explained.

ISO (pronounced “eye-so”) is the name adopted by the International Organization for Standardization. This group, which has been around for decades, is a global organization dedicated to creating international standards for everything from medical devices to country codes. One of their first ISO standards was for the “light sensitivity” of black and white celluloid film. Since then, the term ISO in photography and cinematography has stuck and refers to how sensitive unexposed film (or a camera’s sensor) is to incoming light.

In this ISO guide, we’ll explain the various “ISO speeds” or camera ISO settings with a practical photography tutorial on when these choices should be made. Which ISO to use in low light settings or overly bright scenarios? It all depends on the other camera settings like aperture and shutter speed — and what your ultimate goal for the shot is.

A high ISO setting pushes the camera sensor to be more sensitive to light, while a low ISO setting desensitizes it. Naturally, when you’re shooting a bright exterior scene, you would need your camera ISO to be less sensitive. Vice versa, in a low light scenario, you might be tempted to raise your ISO speed. But be careful — a high ISO setting can also introduce film grain or digital noise into your image.

Another consideration when choosing your camera ISO speed is dynamic range. Dynamic range dictates how bright and dark an image can be while still retaining visual information. For example, if you’re shooting a bright sky above a dark forest, you might not be able to capture complete detail in both areas. These days, digital cameras have what’s called a native ISO setting where the optimal dynamic range is found.

With these ISO settings, your photography or cinematography can be versatile and nuanced. Remember, ISO is just one of the camera basics included in the exposure triangle. Make sure to watch the other photography tutorial videos in this series to get the complete picture.

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