Making Transformer. #electric #electronic #diy #transformers #diyprojects #highvoltage

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Components:

1. TIP41C Transistor: A power NPN transistor that switches the current on and off in the circuit.
2. Flyback Transformer: A transformer with a ferrite core, consisting of two windings:
- Primary Winding: The 6-0-6 turn winding.
- Secondary Winding: The 12-turn winding connected to the LEDs.
3. 100 Ohm Resistor: Limits the base current of the TIP41C transistor.
4. 1.5V Battery: Provides the input power.
5. LEDs: Connected to the secondary winding to indicate the step-up voltage.

Working:

1. Initial Power Supply: When the 1.5V battery is connected, current flows through the 100-ohm resistor into the base of the TIP41C transistor. This small base current allows a much larger current to flow from the collector to the emitter of the transistor.

2. Magnetic Induction: The current flowing through the primary winding (6-0-6 turns) of the flyback transformer creates a magnetic field around the ferrite core.

3. Induced Voltage: As the magnetic field builds up, it induces a voltage in the secondary winding (12 turns) of the transformer. This induced voltage is significantly higher than the input voltage due to the step-up nature of the transformer.

4. Transistor Saturation and Cutoff: As the magnetic field builds up, the transistor remains in saturation (fully on). However, as the field reaches its peak, the rate of change of the magnetic flux decreases, reducing the induced voltage in the primary winding. This reduction in voltage causes the base current to drop, and the transistor eventually turns off (cutoff).

5. Collapse of Magnetic Field: When the transistor turns off, the magnetic field in the transformer collapses rapidly. This rapid change in magnetic flux induces a high voltage in the secondary winding, enough to forward-bias the LEDs and make them glow.

6. Repetition of the Cycle: Once the transistor turns off, the magnetic field collapse is complete, and the cycle starts over. The transistor turns on again due to the initial current through the resistor, and the process repeats. This switching happens very rapidly, resulting in continuous pulses of high voltage across the LEDs, causing them to light up.

Output:
- The 12-turn secondary winding steps up the voltage, allowing all 8 LEDs connected through separate coils to glow brightly, even though the input is only 1.5V.

This efficient conversion of low voltage to higher voltage allows the LEDs to light up using just a single 1.5 voltage AA battery, showcasing the Joule thief circuit's ability to "steal" energy from a seemingly inadequate power source.