The production of pistons is a precise process, designed for parts that must withstand high temperatures, pressure, and durability. Here is a general summary of the piston production stages:
1. Design and Material Selection
Design: The dimensions, surface coatings, grooves, ring slots, and connection points of the piston are designed using engineering software.
Material Selection: Aluminum alloys (for lightweight and heat conductivity) or cast iron/steel (for high durability) are commonly used.
2. Casting or Forging Process
Casting:
Aluminum alloy is melted in furnaces.
The molten metal is poured into sand molds or metal molds.
After cooling and solidifying, the piston takes its raw form.
Forging:
The molten material is shaped under high pressure.
This method creates a denser and more durable piston structure.
3. Machining (CNC Operations)
Sizing: The piston is precisely sized using CNC machines.
Cutting Ring Grooves: The grooves for piston rings are machined with high precision.
Processing Connection Points: The piston pin hole is drilled, and the necessary surfaces for connection are prepared.
4. Heat Treatment and Hardening
Heat treatment is applied to strengthen the piston. This enhances the metal's structure and increases its heat resistance.
5. Surface Treatments
Coating:
The piston surface is coated with special materials (e.g., molybdenum disulfide or Teflon) to reduce friction and improve heat resistance.
Precision Grinding and Polishing: The piston surface is smoothed through grinding and polishing processes.
6. Quality Control
Dimensional Checks: Each piston is measured to ensure it meets design tolerances.
Ultrasonic and Visual Inspection: The material is checked for pores, cracks, or defects.
Performance Tests: High-temperature, pressure, and speed tests are conducted.
7. Assembly and Packaging
Pistons are assembled with rings or packaged individually.
Protective materials are added during packaging, and the products are prepared for shipment.
These processes may vary depending on the material used, the purpose of the piston (e.g., for cars, motorcycles, or heavy machinery), and the production technology employed.
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