How Jeep 4WD Works

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Here's what's inside a Jeep 4WD transfer case and how it works!

A 4WD system is a selectable system where the engine drives all four wheels. It has a low gear range mode for multiplying the engine's torque and a mechanism to lock the front and rear driveshaft speeds. This allows for a very capable vehicle off road since no slippage is mechanically possible between the wheels should they loose traction.

In this video, the transfer case is from a 2018 Jeep Wrangler JL. This transfer case is also capable of an "automatic" mode, or AWD, which uses an electric motor to control the amount of slippage that can occur between front and rear axles. This means the system can be used on dry pavement without binding. This is done with a clutch (bands and friction disks) of which a varying pressure can be applied, controlling the amount of power transferred from the rear wheels to the front (up-to a 50/50 torque split).

The low-gear range is selectable manually through a cable mechanism from inside the cabin. IT has three main modes, hi, low and neutral. In Hi mode, the planetary gearset inside is negated, and the output shaft going to the rear wheels is directly connected to the input shaft of the transfer case. In low mode, the input is attached to the planet carrier, and the output is the sun gear while the ring gear is stationary, providing that 1:2.7 torque multiplication needed for off road use. The neutral state can be used for flat towing.

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