
From a fish with a transparent head to an adorable octopus with webbed arms on 8k tv, MBARI researchers have encountered some captivating creatures in more than three decades of deep-sea research. Meet some of our favorite denizens of the deep and learn about their adaptations to survive in an environment of frigid cold, inky darkness, and crushing pressure.
Animals such as seahorses, clownfish, and sea turtles all live on coral reefs. And the corals are animals too! From outer space Earth looks like an awesome blue marble. That’s because most of Earth’s surface—more than 70 percent—is covered by oceans.
00:00 Dolphins
00:32 White Shark
01:02 Humpback Whale
01:31 Clownfish
02:13 Sea Turtle
02:57 Penguins
04:03 Sea Lions
05:05 Sea Horse
06:01 Walrus
06:57 Orcas
08:17 Manta Ray
09:20 Swordfish
10:34 Octopus
12:05 Manatee
13:24 Tiger Shark
14:41 Lionfish
16:14 Moray Eel
18:21 Jellyfish
20:47 Squid
22:49 Sea Otter
24:39 Ocean Animals
35:23 Sea Creatures
46:01 Deep Ocean Creatures
50:03 Ocean Mammals
Oceans are areas of salty water that fill enormous basins on the Earth’s surface. Even though Earth has one continuous body of saltwater, scientists and geographers divide it into five different sections. From biggest to smallest, they are the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Southern, and the Arctic Oceans. Oceans are deep as well as wide. On average an ocean is a little over two miles deep. But about 200 miles southwest of Guam in the Pacific Ocean, the water in the Mariana Trench is almost seven miles deep. That’s the deepest part of the ocean. The words “ocean” and “sea” are often used to mean the same thing. A sea, however, is a small area of an ocean, usually with land on several sides. The Mediterranean, nestled between Africa and Europe, the Baltic in northern and central Europe, and the Caribbean between North, Central, and South America are all seas.
Scientists think that up to 91 percent of marine species have not yet been identified; but there could be as many as 700,000 of them! Most—95 percent—are invertebrates, animals that don’t have a backbone, such as jellyfish and shrimp. The most common vertebrate (an animal with a backbone) on Earth is the bristlemouth, a tiny ocean fish that glows in the dark and has needlelike fangs. From whales and dolphins to sea turtles, sharks, and stingrays, many of the animals in our ocean are facing potential extinction. The threats they experience are often caused by humans, including bycatch, ocean noise, and pollution, and the ocean’s poor conditions are only exacerbated by the looming threat of climate change.
Some animals, like jellies, have virtually invisible gelatinous bodies. Others, like tuna, sharks, dolphins and sea turtles, rely on countershading (light on the bottom, dark on top) to make them less visible. Viewed from above, their bodies blend in with the ocean depths. From below, their light undersides blend with bright surface waters. Changes in ocean circulation and water temperature significantly affect microscopic plants called phytoplankton that form the basis of the food chain in the open sea. Whales, shrimp, snails, jellyfish and many fishes depend on phytoplankton as a primary food source. Watch for marine mammals such as dolphins, whales, seals coming to the surface to breathe air — and to have a look around. You might also spot seabirds such as the common murre, congregating in large numbers on the surface in open waters.
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