The Complete History of Malaysia - Part 2 - Colonial Era, Emergence & Modern Malaysia

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Malaysia is located on a strategic sea lane that exposes it to global trade and various cultures. Strictly, the name "Malaysia" is a modern concept, created in the second half of the 20th century. However, contemporary Malaysia regards the entire history of Malaya and Borneo, spanning thousands of years back to prehistoric times, as its own history, and as such, it is treated on this page. An early western account of the area is seen in Ptolemy's book Geographia, which mentions a "Golden Khersonese," now identified as the Malay Peninsula. Hinduism and Buddhism from India and China dominated early regional history, reaching their peak during the reign of the Sumatra-based Srivijaya civilisation, whose influence extended through Sumatra, West Java, East Borneo and the Malay Peninsula from the 7th to the 13th centuries. Although Muslims had passed through the Malay Peninsula as early as the 10th century, it was not until the 14th century that Islam first firmly established itself. The adoption of Islam in the 14th century saw the rise of several sultanates, the most prominent were the Sultanate of Malacca and the Sultanate of Brunei. Islam had a profound influence on the Malay people but has also been influenced by them. The Portuguese were the first European colonial powers to establish themselves on the Malay Peninsula and Southeast Asia, capturing Malacca in 1511, followed by the Dutch in 1641. However, it was the English who, after initially establishing bases at Jesselton, Kuching, Penang and Singapore, ultimately secured their hegemony across the territory that is now Malaysia. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 defined the boundaries between British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies (which became Indonesia). On the other hand, the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 defined the boundaries between British Malaya and Siam (which became Thailand). The fourth phase of foreign influence was an immigration of Chinese and Indian workers to meet the needs created by the colonial economy in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. Japanese invasion during World War II ended British rule in Malaya. The subsequent occupation of Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak from 1942 to 1945 unleashed a wave of nationalism.

0:00:00 - intro
0:00:19 - Interactions with Kingdoms in the Philippines
0:01:10 - Struggles for hegemony
0:01:55 - Kedah
0:03:00 - Kelantan and Terengganu
0:03:54 - British influence
0:05:38 - British in Malaya
0:07:13 - British in Borneo
0:08:19 - Race relations during colonial era
0:12:44 - World War II and the state of emergency
0:17:25 - Struggle for independent Malaysia
0:22:07 - Challenges of independence
0:23:07 - Foreign objection
0:24:03 - Racial strife
0:26:56 - Crisis of 1969 and Communist insurgency
0:30:05 - Modern Malaysia
0:31:06 - Mahathir administration
0:33:22 - Abdullah administration
0:34:17 - Najib administration
0:35:47 - Second Mahathir administration
0:37:50 - Muhyiddin administration
0:39:11 - Ismail Sabri administration
0:39:22 - outro

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