They Named This Body Part Wrong

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The quadriceps, or "quads," got their name centuries ago, derived from the Latin quadriceps femoris, meaning "four-headed muscle of the thigh." This muscle group includes four parts: the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles work together to extend the knee and stabilize the leg, making them essential for walking, running, and jumping. For centuries, anatomists believed they had fully mapped this crucial group.

However, modern anatomical studies have revealed a surprising twist: there’s a fifth part of the quadriceps, called the tensor of the vastus intermedius. Discovered through advanced imaging and cadaver studies, this small but distinct muscle lies between the vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis. Though not as prominent as its four "siblings," it contributes to the overall function of the quadriceps and challenges the historical naming of the muscle group.

The paper first describing the new muscle:
"A newly discovered muscle: The tensor of the vastus intermedius" K Grob et al (2016)

For an overview of all the studies regarding the new muscle, search for: "Tensor vastus intermedius: a review of its discovery, morphology and clinical importance" by T. Franchi.

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