What is Capacitor? What is Capacitance?

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What is Capacitor - A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores electrical energy in an electric field. The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance.

Capacitor Physics - Most capacitors contain at least two electrical conductors often in the form of metallic plates or surfaces separated by a dielectric medium. A conductor may be a foil, thin film, sintered bead of metal, or an electrolyte.

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✅ How Capacitors Work -

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✅ How Capacitors Work? #shorts #ytshorts #chrvojeengineering -

What Does a Capacitor Do - Capacitors are primarily used in one of two ways in a circuit.

1. Temporary energy storage.

The first way that capacitors are used is for temporary energy storage. This might be to back up a clock chip so that it doesn't lose the time when the device it is in gets unplugged. You could use a battery to do the same thing, but a capacitor is cheaper and lighter (though it doesn't store as much energy as a battery).
When you convert AC to DC, you use capacitors to temporary store energy. You take the AC sine wave, then rectify it with a diode or a full wave bridge (four diodes), after which you end up with electricity that is all flowing in the same direction, but is "bumpy". To smooth it out, you add a capacitor, which charges up during the high parts of the "bump" and then discharges to keep the voltage level during the lower parts of the "bump". I probably have you completely confused, since this is one of those things that is really obvious when you draw a picture of it, but is very difficult to describe in words. This site has pretty pictures which should make it a bit more clear:

2. Frequency dependent impedance

The second way that a capacitor is used is as a frequency dependent impedance, which is typically part of a filter circuit of some sort.
The voltage and current in a capacitor have an integral/differential sort of relationship.

i = C dv/dt

i is current, dv/dt is the change of voltage with respect to time.

What this formula means is that the more the voltage changes, the more current flows. If the voltage isn't changing (dv/dt is zero) then no current flows.

How Does a Capacitor Works - The capacitor has two distinct chargeable parts (each linked to one of its "poles"), separated by an insulator. When you connect a pole to a cable, the other end of this to a battery, the other end of the battery to the other pole via a second cable, the condenser gets charged. Take out the battery, the circuit is open and the charges in the two halves of the condenser stay where they are. Connect a lightbulb where the battery had previously been: the charges see the group "cable plus lightbulb" as an easy path, they move, that's electric current, so you get light

Capacitance Definition - Capacitance is defined as the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them. The unit of capacitance in the International System of Units (SI) is the farad (F), defined as one coulomb per volt (1 C/V). Capacitance values of typical capacitors for use in general electronics range from about 1 pF (10−12 F) to about 1 mF (10−3 F).
The capacitance of a capacitor is proportional to the surface area of the plates (conductors) and inversely related to the gap between them. In practice, the dielectric between the plates passes a small amount of leakage current. It has an electric field strength limit, known as the breakdown voltage. The conductors and leads introduce an undesired inductance and resistance.

Formula of the Capacitance: C=Q/V

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Create: Hrvoje Čočić
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Category: Education
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