The Islamist militant group behind the recent attack, Hamas, is an Arabic acronym for the Islamic Resistance Movement. Dedicated to Israel's destruction, Hamas has controlled Gaza since 2007. However, its current level of support is unclear due to the lack of elections. President Biden labeled Hamas a terrorist organization, a designation also recognized by the EU, the UK, and the US. In the region, Iran is Hamas's main supporter, with Hamas confirming recently to the BBC that Iran directly supported the attacks of October 7th. Hamas also has strong ties with Hezbollah in Lebanon, which borders Israel.Despite Israel's advanced intelligence capabilities, including informers in Gaza and surveillance drones, they failed to anticipate the attack. This lapse is now a critical issue to address in looking back at what happened. The attack's scale differentiates it from previous escalations, as Israeli territory was breached, resulting in hundreds of Israeli deaths and numerous hostages. It was marked one of the deadliest days in Israel's history. The UN's Middle East peace envoy has called for restraint to avoid further escalation.
In response, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has declared a long and difficult war, with airstrikes on Gaza and mobilization of Israeli reservists. The US has sent additional military support. This attack is expected to significantly influence Israel's future security strategies.
Hamas is essentially a militant group. The group, led by Ismail Haniyeh, is one of the two main political organizations in the Palestinian territories. Its main rival is Fatah, which is more secular and moderate, and runs the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank. Hamas was founded in 1987 during an uprising against Israel's occupation of Gaza and the West Bank. It started as a branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, an Islamist political and social movement from Egypt. However, in recent years, Hamas has distanced itself from the Brotherhood.
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