Big questions about the Covid booster shot, answered

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How omicron has reframed the booster debate.

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Much of the messaging from authorities around Covid-19 booster shots has been confusing — and that’s partly because scientists themselves haven’t always agreed on who needs them. When many countries began to recommend boosters not just for the older and high-risk, but for all adults, they were essentially taking sides in a still-unresolved debate around that question: Why give an extra dose to healthy adults who are still very protected against severe Covid-19 cases from their original dose?

But since the omicron variant has emerged, many have changed their minds. To understand why, we talked to one formerly skeptical expert who scheduled her own booster shot based on what she learned about omicron. We spoke to her about what happens in your immune system when you get that third (or second) shot, and why it could be especially useful in stopping the spread of omicron.

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Since our conversation with Dr. Gounder, newer data seems to corroborate the prediction that boosters will be effective against omicron:

Vox's Dylan Scott reported on many of the early questions around omicron:

Our World in Data is probably the best place to see how your county is doing with boosters:
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And what percent is already fully vaccinated:


And these are the studies we refer to in the video:

This one from Israel shows the benefit a booster can give longer-term: (21)02249-2/fulltext

And these US studies show the waning effectiveness of the vaccines against any infection:



This was the presentation NIH gave the FDA after studying mixing and matching Pfizer, Modern and J&J:

And here’s a study on mixing AstraZeneca with mRNA vaccines:

You can watch more of our Covid-19 coverage here:

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