A level Biology - Lipids: Introduction | Structure | Functions | Tests

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*** WHAT'S COVERED ***
1. Structure and Functions of Lipids
* Elemental composition (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen) and comparison to carbohydrates
* Basic structure involving fatty acids and an alcohol like glycerol (e.g., triglycerides)
* Explanation that lipids are not true polymers
* Distinction between fats (solids at room temperature) and oils (liquids at room temperature) as types of lipids
* Key biological functions: energy storage molecules, structural components of cell membranes (phospholipids), waterproofing, insulation (thermal and electrical), and protection of organs
2. Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
* General structure of a fatty acid, including the carboxyl group and the hydrocarbon R group
* Differences in the hydrocarbon chains of saturated fatty acids (no carbon-carbon double bonds, fully saturated with hydrogen, straight chains, higher melting points, typically solids)
* Differences in the hydrocarbon chains of unsaturated fatty acids (presence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, not fully saturated with hydrogen, kinked chains, lower melting points, typically liquids)
* Definitions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
3. How to Test for Lipids
* The Emulsion Test procedure: adding ethanol to the food sample, shaking, then adding distilled water
* Interpretation of results: a milky-white emulsion indicates the presence of lipids (positive result), while a clear solution indicates their absence (negative result)

*** CHAPTERS ***
0:00 Introduction
0:27 Structure of Lipids
1:08 Types of Lipids: Fats and Oils
1:28 Functions of Lipids
2:20 Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids
4:14 How to Test for Lipids

*** PLAYLISTS ***






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