GCSE Biology - How are Proteins Made? - Transcription and Translation Explained

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*** WHAT'S COVERED ***
1. Introduction to Protein Synthesis
2. Overview of the two main stages: Transcription and Translation.
3. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
* mRNA as a copy of a single gene.
* Key structural differences between mRNA and DNA (length, single strand, Uracil vs Thymine).
4. Transcription: Copying the Gene
* The role of RNA Polymerase.
* Complementary base pairing rules for mRNA synthesis.
* Formation of the mRNA strand.
5. Translation: Building the Protein
* Role of the ribosome
* How codons code for specific amino acids.
* Role of Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules.
* Folding of the amino acid chain into a functional protein.

*** EXAM BOARD INFO ***
AQA - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
IGCSE Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
OCR 21st Century - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
OCR Gateway - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea

*** CHAPTERS ***
0:00 Intro to Protein Synthesis
0:15 The Two Stages: Transcription & Translation
0:48 Why We Need mRNA
2:05 mRNA vs DNA Structure
2:49 Transcription: Making mRNA
3:12 Uncoiling DNA for Transcription
3:49 RNA Polymerase & Base Pairing Rules (A-U, C-G)
5:47 Template Strand
6:42 Translation: Overview
7:02 Codons (Triplets) & Amino Acids
7:45 Translation: Making the Protein
8:06 Role of tRNA & Anticodons
9:42 Building the Amino Acid Chain
10:48 Forming the Protein (Folding)

*** PLAYLISTS ***










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