Thousands of years ago it was discovered that the two smaller squares on the side of a right angle triangle added up to the exact same size as the larger square on the triangle - the square formed on the diagonal side. This is called Pythagoras Theorem.
When we know the length of two sides of a right angle triangle, we can use Pythagoras to find the length of the final side.
This only applies for right-angle triangles. But it does not matter which combination of two sides we have, we just rearrange Pythagoras depending upon which sides we have (shorter or the long).
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