When infection invades bone. 😳

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Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone that can be caused by bacteria or, less commonly, fungi. It occurs when an infectious organism invades the bone, leading to inflammation, destruction of bone tissue, and potentially severe complications if not treated promptly.

Causes:

• Hematogenous spread: Infection travels to the bone via the bloodstream, often seen in children.
• Contiguous spread: Infection spreads from nearby tissues or wounds, common in adults with foot ulcers or surgical wounds.
• Direct introduction: From an open fracture, surgery, or penetrating injury.

Common Culprits:

• Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common.
• Fungi: Rare, seen in immunocompromised individuals.

Risk Factors:

• Diabetes
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Trauma or recent surgery
• Immunosuppression
• Chronic wounds or pressure ulcers

Symptoms:

• Bone pain and tenderness
• Swelling, redness, and warmth over the infected area
• Fever and chills
• Drainage from a wound or sinus tract
• Fatigue or malaise

Diagnosis:

• Imaging: X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to detect bone changes.
• Blood tests: Elevated white blood cell count, ESR, and CRP.
• Biopsy or culture: To identify the causative organism.

Treatment:

• Antibiotics: Often IV initially, followed by oral therapy, depending on severity.
• Surgical intervention: To drain abscesses, remove infected tissue, or stabilize the bone.
• Chronic cases: May require prolonged antibiotics or bone grafting.

Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent complications, such as bone destruction, abscess formation, or systemic spread of the infection.