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Transcript: Why Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941. Japan was expanding quickly in Southeast Asia because they wanted to secure natural resources that mainland Japan didn't have. In 1931, Japan invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria, which was rich in coal, iron, and oil. After that, Japan set its sights on the rest of China. At first, things went well for Japan, but then the war turned into a stalemate. Japan started focusing its attacks on Indochina. This made the U.S. feel like its dominance in the Pacific was threatened. So, the U.S. responded by stopping oil exports to Japan, and Britain and the Netherlands did the same. This meant Japan lost most of its vital oil supply. Japan's only option seemed to be to take the resources by force from British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies. But Japan knew the U.S. would fight back if they invaded. That's why Japan decided to attack the U.S. Pacific Fleet at its main base, Pearl Harbor, to try to shift dominance in the Pacific to their side.
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