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In the tense months following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States faced the daunting task of entering a global war. As military leaders in Washington weighed their strategy, the question of where to strike first became critical. While the Pacific was in turmoil, Allied commanders agreed that the priority was to defeat Nazi Germany before turning their full attention to Japan.

In November 1942, under the leadership of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Allies launched Operation Torch, a daring amphibious invasion of North Africa. The mission was to seize key ports in Morocco and Algeria, paving the way for a push into Tunisia and, eventually, the European continent. Coordinating an assault from both the United States and Britain, the operation marked America’s first large-scale involvement in the European theater.

The landings at Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers were met with resistance from Vichy French forces, uncertain whether to fight or join the Allies. Diplomatic maneuvering and rapid military action determined the outcome, as American and British forces fought to establish control over strategic positions. Meanwhile, German high command scrambled to respond, sending reinforcements to North Africa in a desperate attempt to hold their ground.

The success of Operation Torch reshaped the war. It secured a vital foothold for the Allies, provided a critical proving ground for American troops, and set the stage for the eventual invasion of Italy. At the same time, it exposed the complexities of coalition warfare, the challenges of diplomacy, and the brutal reality of global conflict. As the campaign unfolded, it became clear that this was only the beginning of a long and arduous path to victory.

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