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Europa Clipper is looking for signs of alien life in a very deadly place. Head to to start planning a career that can help change the world for the better.

A massive thank you to Dr. Robert Pappalardo for his expertise and time.

A huge thank you to Gretchen McCartney and Cynthia B. Phillips at NASA JPL for their help.

For more on hydrothermal vents, check out NaturalWorldFacts on YouTube - @NaturalWorldFacts

00:00 ATTEMPT NO LANDING.
01:06 Jupiter’s deadly radiation belts
03:56 Europa’s secret
06:15 Why Europa isn’t completely frozen
08:03 Effects of tidal flexing
09:13 Why alien life could exist
10:39 How Europa Clipper detects signs of life
11:34 Why not Enceladus?
13:01 Europa Clipper’s instruments
15:13 Launch date and first results

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If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically -

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References:
Europa Clipper via Wikipedia -
Magnetosphere of Jupiter via Wikipedia -
Europa Clipper (2024) via Nasa.gov -
Extraterrestrial Cycloids - Why Are They on Europa? via minutephysics on YouTube -
Hand, K. P. & Carlson, R. W. (2015). Europa’s surface color suggests an ocean rich with sodium chloride. Geophysical research letters -
Dalton, J. B. et al. (2003). Near-Infrared Detection of Potential Evidence for Microscopic Organisms on Europa. Astrobiology -
Europa Clipper: Exploring Jupiter's Ocean World (2024, May 24) via Youtube -
Carr, M., Belton, M., Chapman, C. et al. (1998). Evidence for a subsurface ocean on Europa. Nature 391, 363–365 -
New Findings Support Prospect of Life on Jupiter’s Moon Europa (2024) via Nasa.gov -
Meitzler, R., Jun, I., Blase, R. et al. (2023). Investigating Europa’s Radiation Environment with the Europa Clipper Radiation Monitor. Space Sci Rev 219, 61 -

#europaclipper

Images & Video:
2010: The Year We Make Contact -
CGI animations via NASA -
NASA Eyes on the Solar System -
Jupiter's magnetosphere via Chandra X-Ray Center -
Io's Volcanoes via BBC Earth Science -
Clipper ships via Wikipedia -
Various moon images via NASA -
Hydrothermal vent animation from NaturalWorldFacts -
Hydrothermal vent footage by Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute -
Snotbot footage from VICE News -
Plate tectonics on Europa by Noah Kroese -
JUICE CGI animations via ESA -
Arthur C. Clarke photo via ITU Pictures under the CC 2.0 license -

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Directed by Gregor Čavlović
Written by Gregor Čavlović and Derek Muller
Edited by Jack Saxon
Animated by Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, and Jack Saxon
Illustrated by Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev and Gregor Čavlović
Additional research by Gabriel Bean
Produced by Derek Muller, Gregor Čavlović, Rob Beasley Spence, Tori Brittain, Luke Lewis, Barbara Abraul, Gabriel Bean, Petr Lebedev, and Casper Mebius

Thumbnail contributions by Ren Hurley, Peter Sheppard, and Jakub Misiek

Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound

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