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#cerrogalan #argentina #southamerica #chile #andes #andesite #supervolcano #volcanology #volcanoes #volcanoes #volcanic #volcaniceruptions #volcaniceruptions #volcanicisland #volcanicarc #magmaticarc #volcanicash #geology #geological #geosciences #earthscience #earthsciences

Cerro Galan is one of the many supervolcanoes that dot our planet. 2 million years ago, it released a cataclysmic VEI 8 eruption. The scale of this event caused dramatic effects to both the local region, and to the Earth at large. As this event plunged the Earth into a long winded volcanic winter.

Cerro Galan is located in Argentina, and it's the largest post-miocene caldera to exist in the spectacular Andean mountain range. This massive cordillera system, was created as a result of the Nazca plate subducting beneath the South American tectonic plate, and the tremendous mountain range, and the major level of volcanism that exists was formed as a direct result of that. Cerro Galan is located in an area of the mountain called a back arc basin, which is the typica spot we see most subduction related supervolcanoes as a result of the rifting or stretching of the land that exists here.

Cerro Galan began life 15 million years ago, with it ramping up in intensity around 7 million years ago. It released 9 explosive eruptions, existing as composite volcanoes, that erupted at sub plinian, or plinian scale, and pyroclastic flows were a common theme as a result of the andesite to dacite magma chemistry that existed here at this time. After these 9 eruptions, Cerro Galan went dormant for several million years, only to roar back to life with the largest, and most explosive eruption ever released here, which caused the magma chamber to collapse in upon itself, forming the spectacular caldera that exists here in present day.

The wave of volcanic eruptions that occur in the Andes to this day has left behind massive calderas, and spectacular riches, in the form of valuable metals and gemstones.


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