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Chief James Garfield Velarde.
1897.

It has been 12 years since his people - the Jicarilla Apache - were moved to the reservation.

This Jicarilla Apache leader took the name James Garfield after receiving the Peace Medal from President James Abram Garfield (it hangs around his neck), and he later adopted the surname Velarde.

The chief is dressed in a mixture of Euro-American clothing and Native American regalia:
white collar shirt and vest,
a fur belt made of antelope skin (the spirit of the antelope helps to foresee the approach of the enemy, since the antelope is very sensitive and has unsurpassed hearing and flair), decorated with conchos (mirror round brooches that scare away evil spirits),
shell earrings
and a shell necklace (a round shell in the center of the decoration on the neck symbolizes the Sun and the Moon, as well as the endless circle of life),
Peace Gold Medal from President USA - James Abram Garfield.

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NOTE :

Peace medals were awarded to influential Native Americans as a symbol of friendship and loyalty to the United States government or a foreign power.

Medals were given on important occasions, such as the signing of a treaty, and then only to very influential members of the tribe.

Medals mattered even more than usual during times of war or tension, especially between the US and the UK.

Countries will compete for the loyalty and friendship of the tribes, and if the leader, for example, exchanged a British medal for an American one, then this meant a change in his loyalty.

Gradually, the original meaning of the medals diminished, and they were given as a reward for good behavior. This practice was discontinued in the late 1800s.

Native Americans attached great importance to peace medals and viewed them not only as a sign of friendship but also of strength.

The supposed reason for this is the connection they saw between these medals and shell necklaces (gorgets), which represented strength.

Usually worn only by chiefs and the elite, gorgets contained a source of supernatural power.

Images on a gorget gave the wearer the power of what the image represented.

Similarly, among Native Americans, the image of the head of a president or king displayed on a medal gave the wearer the power of leadership.

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James Abram Garfield (1831-1881), 20th President of the United States, multi-talented self-taught military leader and Republican Party activist. The only president in US history to be elected to this position while serving as a member of the US House of Representatives.

Garfield's presidency lasted only six months (only the 9th US president, William Harrison, was less in office). On July 2, 1881, the president was seriously wounded by the American preacher, writer and lawyer Charles Guiteau, and after unsuccessful treatment, he died on September 19, 1881.

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