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#australia #australian #newsouthwales #sydney #geoscience #volcanology #volcanoes #volcanoes #volcanic #volcaniceruptions #volcaniceruptions #volcanicisland #volcanicarc #magmaticarc #volcanicash #geology #geological #geosciences #earthscience #earthsciences #victoria #nsw #brisbane #queensland #melbourne

There is a chain of super volcanoes that released some of the largest eruptions that have ever occurred on our planet. New South Wales is a state in the middle part of eastern Australia, and it had some of the most turbulent and destructive volcanic activity to have ever occurred on our planet.

From 257 to 252 million years ago, these eruptions would released over 150,000 cubic kilometers worth of material. The sun blocking aerosols that they released, snuffed out any life that was dependent on photosynthesis to survive, and this collapse led to the eventual downfall of the entire food chain. It wasn't just volcanic winters that created havoc for life on Earth, though, it was also the dramatic heating effect that occurred as a the result of the vast amounts of carbon dioxide that were being released by these massive eruptions, as well as the notorious flood basaltic eruption that was also occurring at the same time, at the notorious Siberian traps. Which was an effusive volcanic eruption that occurred non stop for 2 million years, and was located in Siberia in modern day Russia.

This enormous chain of supervolcanoes in New South Wales was something different. There are some unique circumstances that occurred in order for this caldera complex to occur en masse the way it did. The most prominant feature, though, is the tectonic orocline that occurred here, which both thinned and severely buckled the crust of the earth, allowing unbelievable amounts of the nearby subduction related melt to rise up through these weaknesses to enter the massive 100 square kilometer batholithic magma chamber that once violently churned beneath the Earth.

The batholith that fueled these eruptions, was just terrifying large. The solidified remains of it can be seen now, and is known as the New England Batholith. It's one of the largest to exist in eastern Australia. Along with this, is the ancient volcanic arc that occurring around the time of the New England Orogeny. And to the west of the back-arc basin where the entireity of the supervolcanoes lie, is an ancient continental rift zone with a fascinating history.

This wave of supervolcanic eruptions left behind massive calderas, and, riches, in the form of valuable metals and gemstones such as gold, silver, sapphire, diamonds and more.

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