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The relationship between tides and water levels is a complex interaction driven primarily by gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun. Here's an explanation of their key relationships:

Primary Mechanisms:
- The Moon's gravitational pull creates two bulges in Earth's oceans - one facing the Moon and one on the opposite side
- These bulges move around the Earth as it rotates, creating high and low tides
- The Sun's gravity also influences tides, though its effect is smaller despite its greater mass due to its much greater distance

Tidal Patterns:
- Most coastal areas experience two high tides and two low tides each day (semidiurnal tides)
- The difference between high and low tide is called the tidal range
- Spring tides occur when the Sun and Moon align (new and full moons), creating larger tidal ranges
- Neap tides occur when the Sun and Moon are at right angles, creating smaller tidal ranges

Impact on Water Levels:
- Local geography significantly affects tidal ranges
- Narrow bays and estuaries can amplify tidal effects
- Tidal forces affect not just oceans but also:
- Lakes (to a much smaller degree)
- Groundwater levels near coasts
- River flow rates near their mouths

Practical Implications:
- Navigation timing for ships in shallow waters
- Coastal flooding risks, especially during storm surges
- Ecosystem impacts in intertidal zones
- Energy generation potential (tidal power)
- Timing of coastal construction and maintenance

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