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Here's how a the torque converter works in vehicles with an automatic transmission.

The torque converter is responsible for transferring torque from the engine to the transmission. It has three main functions:

1. Allow slippage: when the wheels are stopped, the engine can remain running.
2. Torque multiplication: the stator provides multiplication at low engine RPM's to help the car get off the line easier.
3. Converter lockup: To lock the input and outputs to provide a 1:1 ratio with no loss or slip.

The converter consists of four main components:

1. The housing, or pump. This is responsible for throwing transmission fluid up through its vanes through centrifugal force toward the outside edge of the converter. This is the input and rotates with the engine.
2. The turbine. This picks up the fluid flung by the pump and changes its direction of flow, causing a torque. The torque causes the turbine to rotate, and is the output of the converter, which connects to the input shaft of the transmission to turn the gears.
3. The stator. This redirects fluid flow once again to allow the pump to recirculate the fluid. It also contains a one way clutch and is responsible for torque multiplication at lower RPM's.
4. The lockup clutch. This locks the input and output of the converter together for zero loss while at cruising speed.

The torque converter was removed and cut open for demonstration from a 2001 Toyota Corolla with the 4 speed automatic transmission.

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